Character Strengths in Africa 1 (Towards an African List of CS)

CS Research 2 webIn Africa, in the wake of HIV/AIDS, much of youth training focused on life-skills. With the number of new infections stabilising and the frequency of HIV prevention training reduced, life skills feature less in the discourse of youth formation today. On the other hand, globally, youth trainings increasingly focus on character development (CD). In Africa, however, character strengths remain largely unexplored.  Character Strengths (CS) are virtue-like habits and attitudes that influence individuals’ behaviour in such a way that their wellbeing and that of the society are enhanced.  Psychologists Seligman and Peterson have suggested a list of 24 CS that are said to be ubiquitous across cultures and religious traditions.
The present study is part of a larger project, “Character Scaffolding – Kenya and Tanzania”, that aims: (1) to develop a […]

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Positive Psychology – Course Contents

INSTITUTE OF YOUTH STUDIES
Tangaza University College – Catholic University of Eastern Africa
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY WORKSHOP
Rev. Dr Sahaya G. Selvam
 General References
(In addition to reading material uploaded on Moodle and included in the Course Content here below):
 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999/2002). Flow: The classic work on how to achieve happiness.London,UK: Rider – Random House.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, I. (2006), A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology.New York,NY:OxfordUniversity Press.
Emmons, R.A., & McCullough, M.E. (2004). The psychology of gratitude.New York,NY:OxfordUniversity Press.
Enright, R.D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice: A step-by-step process for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington,DC: American Psychological Association.
Gable, S., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
Keyes, C. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
Linley, P.A.  & Joseph, S. (2004), Positive psychology in practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Linley, P.A., Willars, J., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). The strengths book.Coventry,UK: CAPP Press.
Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive […]

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Lecture 1: What is Positive Psychology?

Positive psychology: Its sources and contents
In 1998, when Martin Seligman was elected as the president of the American Psychology Association (APA) he extended a clarion call to psychology to focus on wellbeing and happiness as it does on pathology and psychological disorder (Seligman, 1999).  The stream of psychological accent that followed is referred to as ‘positive psychology’.  This is not a new school of psychology but only a new movement.  It draws its sources from the history of psychology; and its interests are similar to that of humanistic psychology, but it differs sharply from it in that positive psychology embraces an empirical approach.  It is the focus on existential questions with an empirical grounding that makes positive psychology unique (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000, p. 13; see also Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2001).
For a long time, psychology was focused on understanding, treating and preventing psychological disorder.  The positive psychology movement challenges this […]

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Lecture 2: Understanding Affective States

WHAT IS AN EMOTION?
‘…a kind of shorthand, an abbreviated way to refer to a package of events and processes…antecedent events, the physiological and motor responses, the memories, thoughts, images, and information processing, and the mobilisation of efforts to cope with the source of emotions. All of these may be implied when someone says, “He looks angry”  (Ekaman, 1989).
EMOTIONS AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

The way we process emotion is influenced by gender, genetic makeup and some personality traits.
The environmental influence on emotional processing is also strong.  That is, we learn to process.  That is why, the way children deal with emotions is different from that of adults.
This learning process could be largely determined by early exposure to strong emotional stimuli without accompanying support. Certain way of expressing emotions in a particular context (family) learnt as a child may be difficult in dealing with in another context (school/community) as an adult.

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY & AFFECTIVE […]

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